CHIANG RAI – Thailand has stepped up health screening at several key international airports after a reported cluster of Nipah virus cases in India’s West Bengal state near Kolkata. Officials want to spot any possible imported case early and reduce the chance of the virus spreading locally.
Thailand’s main entry points, including Suvarnabhumi Airport in Bangkok, Chiang Mai International Airport, and Mae Fah Luang – Chiang Rai International Airport, are now operating under higher alert.
The Department of Disease Control (DDC) and airport teams have expanded surveillance. Steps include temperature checks, health declaration forms, and random testing for travelers who show symptoms, with extra focus on passengers arriving from affected areas in India.
At Suvarnabhumi Airport, the country’s busiest hub, staff are preparing dedicated screening areas. Some arrivals may receive rapid checks, and medical teams can separate and test anyone who appears ill.
Chiang Mai International Airport is using similar steps and encourages inbound travelers to submit health details in advance through tools such as the CM-CHANA app, which helps speed up processing and cut down on lines.
Chiang Rai International Airport, a key gateway for the north and popular travel routes, has also tightened its process. Thailand has not found any Nipah cases so far. Even so, the DDC says close monitoring matters, especially in a country that depends heavily on international tourism.
The added screening follows confirmed Nipah infections in West Bengal, with cases reported among healthcare workers. Indian officials have quarantined close contacts, and global health groups are watching closely because Nipah can be deadly and can spread between people in some settings.
What is the Nipah Virus?
Nipah virus (NiV) is a serious zoonotic virus first identified in 1998 during outbreaks in Malaysia and Singapore. It is part of the Henipavirus genus. Fruit bats from the Pteropus group, often called flying foxes, are the main natural hosts. They can carry and shed the virus in saliva, urine, and other fluids without appearing sick.
People can become infected in a few ways. This includes contact with infected bats or surfaces contaminated by their secretions, eating fruit or drinking raw date palm sap contaminated by bats, and contact with infected pigs (which played a major role in the early Malaysia outbreak).
Public health teams also watch for person-to-person spread, which can happen through close contact with respiratory secretions or body fluids of an infected person.
Outbreaks have occurred off and on in South and Southeast Asia, including major events in Bangladesh and India. Reported fatality rates often range from 40% to 75%, depending on factors such as how fast cases are found and the level of supportive care available.
There is no approved vaccine or specific antiviral treatment. Care focuses on supporting breathing and treating complications, including severe respiratory illness and neurological symptoms.
Symptoms and Why Health Teams Watch Closely
Symptoms usually begin 5 to 14 days after exposure, though in rare cases the incubation period can be longer, up to 45 days. Early signs can look like many common illnesses, such as fever, headache, muscle aches, sore throat, cough, and general fatigue. In more serious cases, people may develop vomiting, dizziness, trouble breathing, or changes in alertness.
Some patients develop encephalitis (brain inflammation). This can cause drowsiness, confusion, seizures, and coma. Severe respiratory problems can also occur and may resemble serious pneumonia. People who recover can still face long-term effects, including ongoing seizures or changes in behavior.
Health agencies pay close attention because the virus can spread in close-contact environments such as homes and hospitals. Healthcare workers have been affected in past outbreaks when infection control was not strong enough.
While broader community spread has not been reported in the current India cluster, the risk of further transmission remains a concern.
For Thailand, officials consider the risk low, but they do not dismiss it. Travel between Thailand and India is frequent, and fruit bat species are present in parts of Southeast Asia.
The DDC also notes that Nipah has not been detected in people in Thailand. Ongoing animal health controls and food safety practices help lower the chance of spillover.
Prevention Tips for Travelers and Residents
Prevention is about avoiding exposure and stopping the spread early. Guidance commonly shared by the World Health Organization and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention includes:
- Avoid direct contact with bats or pigs in areas with outbreaks.
- Don’t drink raw date palm sap, and avoid fruit that may be contaminated by bats.
- Wash hands often with soap and water, especially after animal contact or time in crowded places.
- Use proper protective gear in healthcare settings or when handling animals.
- Separate sick people quickly, and follow contact tracing rules.
Travelers arriving in Thailand are advised to watch for symptoms for 14 days after arrival. Anyone who develops fever or neurological symptoms should seek medical care right away and share their recent travel history with healthcare providers.
Airport staff and public health teams are also sharing information with travelers and continuing temperature checks at key points, including immigration areas. Officials say travelers may see some delays, but the steps support Thailand’s record of strong public health controls.
The DDC says it will keep tracking the situation with international partners. Thailand remains Nipah-free at this time, and officials say early detection and quick isolation are still the best tools to limit risk.
