NEW DELHI – Bihar’s voters have delivered a loud and clear verdict in favour of the National Democratic Alliance (NDA), giving Chief Minister Nitish Kumar a path to a record fifth straight term.
With the Election Commission of India announcing the results for all 243 assembly seats, the BJP-led alliance swept the contest, winning 202 seats and outperforming even the boldest exit polls. The result has turned Bihar’s political map sharply saffron.
On the other side, the Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD)-led Mahagathbandhan (MGB) collapsed to just 35 seats. Prashant Kishor’s new outfit, Jan Suraaj Party, which fielded candidates in almost every constituency, failed to win a single seat.
Counting day was tense, with eyes fixed on strongrooms in Patna and strategy centres in Delhi. Turnout touched 67.14 per cent, the highest in Bihar’s electoral history, signalling a motivated electorate keen on change and stability. Many voters appeared tired of the “jungle raj” tag and more open to promises of development.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi, speaking to cheering party workers at the BJP headquarters, called the result a “victory of good governance, development, and social justice”. He praised what he described as the strong partnership between his leadership in Delhi and Nitish Kumar’s organisational reach in Bihar. “Bihar has rejected appeasement politics and chosen satisfaction for all,” Modi said, as saffron flags dominated celebrations across the state.
NDA’s Clean Sweep: BJP and JD(U) Lead the Charge
The NDA’s showing highlighted sharp planning, smart seat-sharing, and effective messaging. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) emerged as the largest single party with 89 seats. This is slightly below its 2010 high but still a big jump from the 74 seats it won in 2020.
Nitish Kumar’s Janata Dal (United) [JD(U)] delivered its strongest performance since 2010, picking up 85 seats. Many within the alliance credit this to Nitish’s long “Panchayat Yatra” and welfare-focused schemes such as the seven-phase Nishchay programme, which addressed basic needs like electricity, jobs for the youth, and village facilities.
Smaller partners added depth and reach to the coalition. Chirag Paswan’s Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas) [LJP-RV] won 19 seats and reinforced its hold on Dalit voters in parts of north Bihar. Upendra Kushwaha’s Rashtriya Lok Morcha (RLM) took four seats, while Mukesh Sahni’s Hindustani Awam Morcha-Secular (HAMS-S) grabbed five, gaining support among non-Yadav OBC communities.
Several wins stood out on the result day. In Siwan, BJP leader Mangal Pandey defeated RJD’s Awadh Bihari Choudhary by more than 9,000 votes. In Kalyanpur, JD(U)’s Maheshwar Hazari secured a huge victory with a margin of 38,586 votes.
From the hilly tracts in the northeast to the fertile plains along the Ganga, the NDA broke through areas once seen as safe zones for the opposition. In Magadh, a region that has often shaped Bihar’s political churn, the alliance flipped more than two dozen seats, defying many pre-poll predictions.
“This is not just a win, it is a rejection of dynastic politics,” BJP president JP Nadda said, calling the result a “tsunami” that blocked RJD’s return and its image of lawlessness. Union Home Minister Amit Shah, fresh out of strategy meetings, added, “People of Bihar have chosen Vikas over votebank politics.”
Mahagathbandhan’s Collapse: Tejashwi’s Hopes Crushed
For the Mahagathbandhan, the outcome was a harsh setback. It marked RJD’s poorest performance since 2005 and pushed it to third place behind both the BJP and JD(U). Tejashwi Yadav’s party managed only 25 seats, a sharp fall from the 75 it held in 2020. The party’s traditional Muslim-Yadav base, often described as the “MY” vote, showed signs of erosion under the NDA’s focused outreach.
The Congress, already struggling in many states, scraped by with six seats. A campaign boosted by Rahul Gandhi’s August rallies and Kanhaiya Kumar’s padyatra on unemployment failed to convert anger over migration and joblessness into actual votes. The Left parties fared no better, with the CPI winning just one seat and CPI-ML (Liberation) picking up two. Their influence in the state continues to shrink.
At Tejashwi Yadav’s residence in Patna, the mood turned gloomy as early leads became final numbers. In a short post on X, Tejashwi promised to “continue the fight for Bihar’s youth”, but few smiles were seen among his supporters. RJD founder Lalu Prasad Yadav stepped out of the house through a crowd of cameras, nodding silently without a statement.
Rahul Gandhi called the verdict “truly surprising” and alleged “vote theft” and an “unfair” election process. He targeted the Election Commission of India’s Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of the electoral rolls, under which more than 1.5 million names were removed. “From the beginning, fairness was compromised,” he wrote, reviving accusations of irregularities that had already surfaced after the controversy around Tejashwi’s own voter ID in August.
Asaduddin Owaisi’s AIMIM, after steady efforts in the region, won five seats in Seemanchal. The party cut into Muslim votes that usually go to the MGB, altering the numbers in several border constituencies.
The defeat also exposed clear rifts in the opposition camp. Congress leaders focused on urban and issue-based campaigns, while the RJD relied more on caste-driven mobilisation. Turnout remained low in some Yadav-dominated strongholds, which further hurt the alliance.
Kishor’s Setback: Jan Suraaj Falls Flat
Prashant Kishor, once a star strategist for the NDA, had a rough entry into full-time politics. His party, Jan Suraaj, contested 238 seats and promised a “third way” beyond the usual BJP versus RJD battle. The campaign talked about clean politics, local leadership, and corruption-free governance.
In the end, Jan Suraaj did not win a single seat. Its vote share, estimated at around 3 to 4 per cent, failed to convert into real gains on the ground against the well-oiled NDA set-up. A BJP leader mocked the outfit as “a product of Twitter, not the streets”.
Kishor accepted the result with a calm message on social media: “The people have spoken; we learn and rebuild.” The outcome shows how hard it is for new parties to break through in Bihar’s mostly bipolar space, where voters still swing between two large camps.
A closer look at the figures shows a state in the middle of social and political change. The NDA secured about 55 per cent of the total vote, compared to the MGB’s 38 per cent. Urban constituencies such as Patna Sahib recorded a nearly 10 per cent swing towards the BJP, driven by promises of better roads, larger airports, and the first phase of the Patna Metro.
In rural Bihar, where floods and farm distress are constant worries, JD(U)’s schemes and direct benefit transfers appear to have paid off. Programmes like the Maaiya Samman Yojana, which sent around ₹50,000 crore into women’s bank accounts, strengthened Nitish Kumar’s image as a pro-welfare leader.
The MGB’s push for a caste census did not create the wave it expected. The NDA instead repeated its message of “inclusive development” and focused on Extremely Backward Castes (EBCs), who make up about 36 per cent of the electorate.
Women, who form nearly half of Bihar’s voters, played a central role. The NDA’s promises, such as free bus rides and sanitary napkin kits, appear to have appealed more than the opposition’s broader pledges. Youth turnout jumped by around 12 per cent in many urban centres, with a sizable section attracted to Modi’s “Amrit Kaal” pitch rather than Tejashwi’s promise of more government jobs.
Even so, the opposition did not vanish. The RJD held on to some pockets in Seemanchal, and AIMIM’s gains hint at fluid minority voting patterns ahead of the 2029 Lok Sabha elections.
What Comes Next: Stability Or Slowdown?
Nitish Kumar, 74, is now preparing to take the oath again, likely on 20 November. His age and health raise natural questions about how actively he can lead over a full term, but his experience and network still give the NDA a steady hand in Bihar. Voters will now watch closely to see if the alliance can deliver large promises, including a proposed ₹1 lakh crore fund for flood control and long-term river management.
Inside the NDA, the BJP will look for more influence in governance after its strong performance. Managing ambitions within the alliance, while keeping Nitish comfortable, will be a delicate balance.
For the Mahagathbandhan, deep reflection awaits. The RJD faces a leadership crisis beyond Lalu Prasad, and Congress continues to struggle across states. Tejashwi Yadav still draws crowds and has clear appeal among many young voters, but stitching together a united and effective opposition front will be a tough test.
Bihar, long viewed as one of India’s most backward states, has signalled a fresh chapter. From Lalu’s era of socialist politics to Modi and Nitish’s talk of roads, welfare, and jobs, this verdict points to a clear message from the people: they want steady progress, not chaos.
As fireworks fade over Patna’s skyline, one thing stands out: Bihar has chosen continuity over uncertainty and given the NDA a commanding mandate to shape its future.
