What is Zero-knowledge Proof?

Zero-knowledge proof is a strategy by which one person can authenticate the person on the other hand about some value used to be in cryptography by giving just a hint so that the actual value could not be revealed to the other person.

This method was adopted in earlier times for the application authenticity, its security and also helpful in validation.

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Primary features of zero-knowledge proofs

It is divided into two parts: 1. Setup 2. Proof

In the case of setup, the first person, i.e., the prover generates a public and a corresponding private key.

The prover passes the public key to the person sitting on the other side i.e., the verifier.

The verifier uses this public key to generate some clues. That clue is used by the prover so that he can respond to viability.

If the response of the prover is approved by the verifier, that means the prover knows the un-revealed value of X which contains some confidential information about X.

Zero-knowledge proof has many applications in cryptography which contain some criteria like digital signature, a secure network of computation and authenticity schemes.

Although zero-knowledge proof is a way out to prove the verifier that the prover has some knowledge about x without talking about its actual value.

For example, if ram wants to proof Shyam that he has secret information about his account without revealing that secret information.

he can give Shyam hints so that he can guess the hints like ram is asking about the last fourth digit of his password and the fourth digit is a multiple of all three digits, so that Shyam can give a correct answer without telling the complete answer.

Zero-knowledge proof is useful for applications that help to preserve the privacy criteria of data analysis and some cryptographic protocols.

It is the simplest way to prove that one can possess some confidential information without declaring the actual information. The two parties can calculate their data without declaring its actual value.

Another tool which helps in maintaining privacy is ZKPs. Although it is a new procedure to maintain the privacy of data yet researchers have been activated on its perfectness and its feasibility.

Importance of zero-knowledge proof

In the crypto world, it is common practice for hackers to steal confidential information. Therefore, it becomes more important to maintain the security of personal information and crypto information safely.

For example, if you wanted to tell your friend you have a solution for some maths problem without revealing the answer directly, the zero-knowledge proof is the best option for doing the same.

For that, start with a coping technique to change the problem into a mathematical formula. Then solve the formula and generate a proof that could be shared with your friend.

Then your friend can test the proof and utilise its validity to know the correct answer to the problem without knowing the answer themselves.

An application for zero-knowledge proof is crypto Zcash. This application is very useful to make users send and receive their assets in the form of funds without declaring the transaction history or identity of the people.

Zero-knowledge proof can be in the case of Bitcoin and Ethereum blockchains which helps in shielded transactions.

These shielded transactions can keep the transaction history confidential like when you are purchasing cryptocurrency or when you are sending it to your family or friends.

Working on zero-knowledge proof

The working criteria of zero-knowledge proof are worked out in different ways. One of them is called Fiat Shamir Heuristic.

The Heuristic method is used to compute the problem and change it into a Boolean circuit which is verified by the prover by sending true or false values to the wires input into the circuit.

If the output value is found to be continuous and consistent by the verifier, then the prover realises that the verifier knows the solution to that particular problem without knowing the right answer.

As ZKPs need not many rounds of communication between prover and verifier, therefore crypto users must give priority to it as a security check during their transactions.

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